阅读理解（Passage 1–2，1–10 题）

Passage 1（恐惧营销）

Fear is a common emotion, and it has been widely used in marketing for decades. Advertisers often use fear to persuade consumers to buy their products. In the past, fear appeals were mostly used for health and safety products, such as medicine, insurance, and fire alarms. However, in today’s competitive market, fear is used to sell almost everything, from cosmetics to travel packages.

The reason why fear works so well in marketing is that it can make people act quickly. When people feel afraid, they tend to make impulsive decisions without thinking carefully. Advertisers take advantage of this by creating messages that highlight potential risks or problems, and then offering their products as the perfect solution.

For example, a skincare ad might warn about the dangers of aging and skin damage, and then promote a cream that can “reverse the signs of aging.” Similarly, a travel ad might emphasize the risks of staying at home and suggest that a vacation is the best way to relax and avoid stress.

While fear marketing can be effective, it also has negative side effects. It can make people anxious and stressed, and it may even lead to unnecessary purchases. Therefore, it is important for consumers to be aware of how fear is used in advertising and to make rational decisions.

Questions 1–5

1. 1.According to the passage, fear has always been a key factor in marketing.（ ）

2. A. TRUE

3. B. FALSE

4.       C. NOT GIVEN
5.        答案：A解析：首段首句 “Fear is a common emotion, and it has been widely used in marketing for decades.”（恐惧几十年来一直广泛用于营销），与题干一致。

7. 2.In the past, fear was mainly used to sell products related to health and safety.（ ）

8. A. TRUE

9. B. FALSE

10. C. NOT GIVEN

11. 答案：A解析：首段第三句 “In the past, fear appeals were mostly used for health and safety products...”（过去恐惧诉求主要用于健康安全类产品），与题干一致。

12. 3.In the modern world, advertisers use fear only to sell health and safety products.（ ）

13. A. TRUE

14. B. FALSE

15. C. NOT GIVEN

16. 答案：B解析：首段末句 “...fear is used to sell almost everything, from cosmetics to travel packages.”（现代恐惧用于销售几乎所有产品），题干 “only” 错误。

17. 4.Fear can make people act impulsively and make quick decisions.（ ）

18. A. TRUE

19. B. FALSE

20. C. NOT GIVEN

21. 答案：A解析：第二段第二句 “When people feel afraid, they tend to make impulsive decisions without thinking carefully.”（恐惧让人冲动决策），与题干一致。

22. 5.Understanding how fear is used in marketing can help consumers make better choices.（ ）

23. A. TRUE

24. B. FALSE

25. C. NOT GIVEN

26. 答案：A解析：末段末句 “...it is important for consumers to be aware of how fear is used in advertising and to make rational decisions.”（了解恐惧营销有助于理性决策），与题干一致。

Passage 2（太平洋垃圾带）

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large area of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. It is located between Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States. The garbage patch is mostly made up of plastic waste, which has accumulated over many years due to ocean currents and human activities.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a serious environmental problem. It covers an area of about 1.6 million square kilometers, which is twice the size of Texas. The plastic waste in the patch comes from many sources, including plastic bags, bottles, fishing nets, and microplastics.

Marine life is greatly affected by the garbage patch. Sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals often mistake plastic for food or become entangled in it. Many animals die each year from eating plastic or being trapped in debris. In addition, microplastics can enter the food chain and eventually affect human health.

Efforts are being made to reduce the garbage patch. Some organizations are working to clean up the plastic waste, while others are promoting reduced plastic use and better waste management. However, the problem is huge, and it will take many years and global cooperation to solve it.

Questions 6–10

6. Where is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch located?（ ）

A. Between Hawaii and the US West Coast

B. Between Japan and the US East Coast

C. In the South Pacific OceanD. In the Atlantic Ocean

答案：A解析：首段第二句明确说明位置 “between Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States”。

1. 7What is the garbage patch mainly composed of?（ ）

2. A. Glass waste

3. B. Plastic waste

4. C. Metal waste

5. D. Paper waste

6. 答案：B解析：首段第三句 “The garbage patch is mostly made up of plastic waste...”。

7. 8.How large is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?（ ）

8. A. As big as Texas

9. B. Twice the size of Texas

10. C. Three times the size of Texas

11. D. Half the size of Texas

12. 答案：B解析：第二段第二句 “...which is twice the size of Texas”。

13. 9.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the garbage patch?（ ）

14. A. Marine animals mistake plastic for food

15. B. Marine animals get trapped in debris

16. C. Human health is affected by microplastics

17. D. Ocean currents become stronger

18. 答案：D解析：第三段提及 A、B、C 三项，D 项（洋流变强）文中未提及。

19. 

20. 10.What can we learn from the last paragraph?（ ）

21. A. The garbage patch will be cleaned up soon

22. B. Global cooperation is needed to solve the problem

23. C. No efforts are being made to reduce the garbage patch

24. D. Plastic use has been completely banned worldwide

25. 答案：B解析：末段末句 “...it will take many years and global cooperation to solve it”（需全球合作解决）。