山东省成人高考学位英语考试阅读理解全解析：附真题范文与答题技巧

在山东省成人高考学位英语考试里，阅读理解是分值占比较高且对成绩影响较大的题型，旨在考查考生综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能理解书面英语的能力。深入剖析真题范文，掌握解题技巧，是提升阅读理解成绩的关键。下面为大家带来详细解读。

一、阅读理解题型剖析

山东省成人高考学位英语考试的阅读理解部分，通常有4篇短文，每篇文章后设5道题，共20题 ，考试时间35分钟。选材广泛，涵盖人物传记、社会、文化、科普、史地、政治、经济等题材；体裁多样，包括议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文等 。文章的语言难度适中，生词量不超过3％，对于超纲词汇会用汉语注明词义。这部分主要测试考生掌握主旨大意、了解细节、推断隐含意义、理解上下文逻辑关系等能力。

二、真题范文展示与解析

真题范文（一）

题目

Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture. They embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” A culture and its languages are as inseparable as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non - verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim (格言) has it, seeing eye - to - eye. We can never see eye - to - eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.

题目设置

1. The best title for this passage is _.

A. Organs of Culture

B. Brain and Body

C. Seeing Eye - to - Eye

D. Non - Verbal Linguistic Elements

2. According to this passage, the best way to learn a foreign language is _.

A. to read the works of poets and philosophers

B. to find a native speaker and look directly into his eyes

C. to begin by learning its body language

D. to visit a country where English is spoken

3. According to this passage, gestures are _.

A. non - verbal as well as non - linguistic

B. verbal and linguistic

C. non - verbal but nevertheless linguistic

D. verbal but nevertheless non - linguistic

4. “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives” means _.

A. if one learns many foreign languages, one will have a better understanding of his own language

B. life is richer and more interesting if one knows several languages

C. no matter how many languages one knows, one can never know more than one's own culture

D. if a person speaks only one language, he will live a very happy life

5. One of the following which is not synonymous with the others is _.

A. signs

B. gestures

C. maxims

D. body language

答案与解析

1. 答案：A

解析：文章开篇指出语言是文化奇妙而复杂的组成部分，接着阐述语言与文化的紧密联系，所以“Organs of Culture（文化的组成部分）”最能概括全文主旨，A选项正确。B选项“Brain and Body（大脑和身体）”只是文中比喻语言和文化关系的例子；C选项“Seeing Eye - to - Eye（心领神会）”和D选项“Non - Verbal Linguistic Elements（非语言语言元素）”均为文章部分内容，不能作为标题。

2. 答案：C

解析：文中明确提到“In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non - verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language（学习外语时，最好从语言的非语言元素，即手势和肢体语言开始）”，C选项符合原文，A、B、D选项在文中均未提及。

3. 答案：C

解析：根据文章内容，手势属于语言的非语言元素，所以是“non - verbal（非言语的）”，同时又是语言的一部分，所以“linguistic（语言的）”，C选项正确。A选项“non - linguistic（非语言的）”错误；B选项“verbal（言语的）”错误；D选项表述错误。

4. 答案：B

解析：结合上下文，“As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives”表达的是一个人会的语言越多，体验到的生活就越丰富有趣，B选项符合文意。A选项“对自己语言有更好理解”在文中未体现；C选项“永远超不出自己文化”与原文不符；D选项“说一种语言会快乐生活”错误。

5. 答案：C

解析：A选项“signs（手势，符号）”、B选项“gestures（手势）”和D选项“body language（肢体语言）”意思相近，都与非语言交流有关，而C选项“maxims（格言）”与它们不同，所以选C。

真题范文（二）

题目

In the United States, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by himself. Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privileged family. (In the United States, that would be considered “an accident of birth”.) Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved all by themselves. The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up to the social ladder, whereas this is impossible to do in many other countries. The “self - made man or woman” is still very much the ideal in present - day America.

Americans believe that competition brings out the best in people. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom, even at the youngest age levels. You may find the value of competition being taught to your children by every action of your hosts.

题目设置

1. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The American social system.

B. The American value of self - made.

C. The American dream of getting rich.

D. The American belief in hard work.

2. Americans think that one can take credit for _.

A. being born into a rich family

B. being born into a privileged family

C. what he has achieved through his own efforts

D. what his family has done for him

3. The underlined phrase “bring out” in the second paragraph probably means _.

A. make something appear

B. take something out

C. bring something outside

D. put something out

4. Competition is fostered in the American home and classroom because _.

A. Americans believe it can bring out the best in people

B. Americans want to show their children the value of competition

C. Americans think it is a good way to educate children

D. Americans want to make their children more competitive

5. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Americans look down upon those born into rich families.

B. It's not easy for people in other countries to move up the social ladder.

C. Americans don't like competition in their daily lives.

D. The “self - made man or woman” is no longer the ideal in America.

答案与解析

1. 答案：B

解析：文章主要讲述美国人重视通过自身努力取得成功，“自我奋斗”的价值观，B选项符合。A选项“美国社会制度”只是提及部分内容；C选项“美国致富梦”未体现；D选项“努力工作信念”不如B选项全面。

2. 答案：C

解析：文中首句指出“In the United States, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by himself（在美国，一个人只能因自己通过努力取得的成就而获得认可）”，C选项正确，A、B、D选项与原文相悖。

3. 答案：A

解析：根据“They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible（他们声称竞争挑战或迫使每个人发挥出人类可能达到的最佳水平）”可知，“bring out”在这里是“使显现，使表现出”的意思，A选项符合，B、C、D选项意思不符。

4. 答案：A

解析：由“Americans believe that competition brings out the best in people. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom（美国人认为竞争能激发出人的最佳状态，所以竞争在美国家庭和教室中被培养）”可知，A选项正确，B、C、D选项不是根本原因。

5. 答案：B

解析：从“The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up to the social ladder, whereas this is impossible to do in many other countries（美国社会制度使美国人相对容易地在社会阶层中上升，而在其他许多国家这很难做到）”可推断出，其他国家的人在社会阶层上升方面不容易，B选项正确。A选项“看不起富人家庭出身的人”文中未提及；C选项“不喜欢竞争”与原文不符；D选项“不再是理想”与原文“The “self - made man or woman” is still very much the ideal in present - day America”相悖。

三、答题技巧总结

1. 主旨题：关注文章的首末段和各段首句，这些地方往往是主旨句出现的位置；还可通过分析文章结构，如总分总、总分等，把握整体脉络来确定主旨。遇到干扰项时，要对比其与文章内容的契合度，过于片面或偏离主题的选项可排除。

2. 细节题：根据题目中的关键词，如人名、地名、时间、数字等，在文中快速定位相关信息；注意选项与原文的表述是否一致，特别留意一些细节差异，如时态、程度副词等。

3. 推理题：基于原文信息进行合理推断，不能过度推理；关注文章的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、对比等，从已知信息推出未知结论；选项中若出现过于绝对的表述，如“must”“never”“all”等，需谨慎判断，通常这些选项可能错误。

4. 词义猜测题：利用上下文语境，通过同义词、反义词、解释说明等线索猜测词义；结合构词法知识，如前缀、后缀、合成词等，推测生词含义；将选项代入原文，看是否符合语境和逻辑。

通过对以上真题范文的解析和答题技巧的总结，希望考生能对山东省成人高考学位英语考试阅读理解题型有更深入的理解，在备考过程中有针对性地练习，提升阅读能力和解题水平，在考试中取得优异成绩，顺利通过学位英语考试。
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