山东省学位英语阅读理解真题为例，给出完整解题范例

以下以一篇山东省学位英语阅读理解真题为例，给出完整解题范例：

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A fire drill is, to put it mildly, an inconvenient exercise at the best of times. A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions, like the one we had on Thursday night and Friday morning last, is incomparably more inconvenient. This is why writing this note to thank you all most sincerely for your excellent co - operation and the spirit with which you endured the inconvenience.

A fire drill is not an idle exercise. It is an extremely serious one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run. Last week’s fire drill has already revealed a number of important things regarding fire precautions in the Hall. For instance, there seem to exist a number of “deaf spots” in the Hall, namely, the two rooms in Purser House and some rooms in the Bottom corridor. I have no reason to doubt that residents from these areas could not hear the alarm. I shall request an immediate examination of this problem.

I should, also, remind you that it is a requirement that fire drills should be regularly carried out (at least two in every one year) and each resident should be made fully aware of this and obliged to take part. All residents must take fire precautions with the seriousness they deserve. Failure to do so can result in fines and expulsion from the Hall. Thank you again for your co - operation.

题目及解题步骤

1. The last fire drill caused much more inconvenience because_________.

    • A) it was in bad weather

    • B) there were “deaf spots”

    • C) a big fire started

    • D) it was at the weekend

    • 解题步骤：

        • 首先，明确题目问的是上一次消防演习造成更多不便的原因。

        • 然后，在文章中找到与消防演习和不便相关的内容。文章第一句提到“A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions... is incomparably more inconvenient.”，即凌晨两点在恶劣天气条件下进行的消防演习非常不便。

        • 对比选项，A选项“it was in bad weather”（天气恶劣）与原文描述相符，是造成更多不便的原因。B选项提到的“deaf spots”（听不到警报的地点）是后来消防演习发现的问题，并非造成这次演习不便的原因；C选项“a big fire started”（发生了一场大火）在原文中未提及；D选项“it was at the weekend”（是在周末）与原文不符，原文说的是周四晚上和周五早上。

    • 答案：A

2. The phrase “in the long run”(Line 2, Part 2) means_________.

    • A) effectively

    • B) endlessly

    • C) eventually

    • D) efficiently

    • 解题步骤：

        • 题目要求解释“in the long run”的意思。

        • 在文章中找到该短语所在句子“It is an extremely serious one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run.”，即消防演习极其严肃，从长远来看能拯救生命。

        • 分析选项，A选项“effectively”（有效地）强调效果；B选项“endlessly”（无止境地）强调时间或程度上的无限；D选项“efficiently”（高效地）强调效率。而C选项“eventually”（最终，从长远来看）与原文中短语的意思相符。

    • 答案：C

3. Some people did not make their appearance at the last drill because_______.

    • A) they were deaf

    • B) they could not hear the alarm

    • C) nobody woke them up

    • D) they refused to leave their rooms

    • 解题步骤：

        • 题目问的是上次演习有些人没出现的原因。

        • 在文章中找到与演习中有人没出现相关的内容，即“there seem to exist a number of “deaf spots” in the Hall... I have no reason to doubt that residents from these areas could not hear the alarm.”，意思是礼堂里似乎存在一些听不到警报的地点，作者怀疑这些区域的居民听不到警报。

        • 对比选项，B选项“they could not hear the alarm”（他们听不到警报）与原文描述一致。A选项“they were deaf”（他们是聋子）过于绝对，原文只是说听不到警报，不一定是聋子；C选项“nobody woke them up”（没人叫醒他们）和D选项“they refused to leave their rooms”（他们拒绝离开房间）在原文中均未提及。

    • 答案：B

4. A fire drill is extremely important according to the writer for_________.

    • A) it is a good physical exercise

    • B) it cultivates people’s endurance

    • C) it is a legal requirement

    • D) it can save lives in case of a fire

    • 解题步骤：

        • 题目问的是作者认为消防演习极其重要的原因。

        • 在文章中找到与消防演习重要性相关的内容，如“A fire drill is not an idle exercise. It is an extremely serious one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run.”，即消防演习不是无用的，它极其严肃，从长远来看能拯救生命。

        • 分析选项，D选项“it can save lives in case of a fire”（在发生火灾时能拯救生命）与原文意思相符。A选项“it is a good physical exercise”（它是一项很好的体育锻炼）、B选项“it cultivates people’s endurance”（它能培养人们的耐力）和C选项“it is a legal requirement”（它是法律要求）在原文中均未提及是作者认为消防演习重要的原因。

    • 答案：D

5. Which of the following was NOT stated by the author?（此题原文未给出选项，以下为示例选项及分析）

    • A) Fire drills should be carried out regularly.

    • B) There are some “deaf spots” in the Hall.

    • C) Residents should pay fines if they don’t take part in fire drills.

    • D) The last fire drill was held at a very inconvenient time.

    • 解题步骤：

        • 题目问的是下列哪项不是作者提到的。

        • 回顾文章内容，A选项“Fire drills should be carried out regularly.”（消防演习应该定期进行），文章中提到“it is a requirement that fire drills should be regularly carried out”，所以作者提到了；B选项“There are some “deaf spots” in the Hall.”（礼堂里有一些听不到警报的地点），文章中提到“there seem to exist a number of “deaf spots” in the Hall”，作者提到了；D选项“The last fire drill was held at a very inconvenient time.”（上一次消防演习是在一个非常不方便的时间进行的），文章开头提到“A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions... is incomparably more inconvenient.”，作者提到了。而C选项“Residents should pay fines if they don’t take part in fire drills.”（如果居民不参加消防演习，应该交罚款），文章中提到的是“Failure to do so can result in fines and expulsion from the Hall.”，即不按规定做（不认真对待消防演习）可能会导致罚款和被驱逐出礼堂，并非不参加就交罚款，所以作者未明确提到该选项内容。

    • 答案：C

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