山东省学位英语阅读理解范例及解析

范例文章

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

There are many older people in the world, and there will be many more. A well-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020, there will be 1 billion older people worldwide, with over 700 million living in developing countries. It is a surprising fact that population aging is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. However, it is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve the same increase.

What are the implications of these increased numbers of older people? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likely they are to suffer from diseases and disabilities. Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state. Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries and certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not ensure the continued high regard for older people.

As society changes, attitudes will change. Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country's development. Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net. To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort. One thing is sure: there is no time to be lost.

Questions

  1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. The proportion of older people is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries.

B. The proportion of older people will increase much faster in China than in France.

C. By 2020, 60 percent of the world's population will be older people.

D. Over 700 million older people live in developed countries.

  2. What are governments most worried about according to the passage?

A. The diseases and disabilities of older people.

B. The longer life and good health of people.

C. The loss of taxes on older people.

D. The increasing respect for older people.

  3. It is stated directly in the passage that older people should:

A. Be treated differently in different cultures.

B. Enjoy a similar lifestyle.

C. Be ignored as society changes.

D. Be valued by the younger generations.

  4. Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to address the problems of older people?

A. Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.

B. Providing life-long learning programs.

C. Establishing social security policies.

D. Building more nursing homes.

  5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The challenges of population aging in developing countries.

B. The comparison of population aging between France and China.

C. The solutions to the problems of older people.

D. The importance of respecting older people.

解析

  1. 正确答案：B

      • 解析：根据文章第二段，法国人口老龄化比例从7%增加到14%用了115年，而中国仅需27年，说明中国老龄化速度更快。

  2. 正确答案：A

      • 解析：文章第三段明确提到，政府最担心的是老年人患病和残疾的可能性增加。

  3. 正确答案：D

      • 解析：文章第三段提到，年轻一代需要理解和尊重老年人。

  4. 正确答案：D

      • 解析：文章最后一段提到解决老龄化问题的措施包括消除就业年龄歧视、提供终身学习计划和建立社会保障政策，但未提及建造更多养老院。

  5. 正确答案：A

      • 解析：文章主要讨论了发展中国家人口老龄化的挑战及其影响。

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